How UV Rays Affect the Skin
UV rays are largely divided into two types, UV-A and UV-B. Both the rays contribute to photoaging, but in different ways:
UV-A Rays
The UV-A rays have a longer wavelength and penetrate deeper into your skin. These rays are responsible for the long-term effects of photoaging, such as wrinkles, fine lines, and age spots which are tough to reverse. The UVA rays account for up to 95% of the UV radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface. Remember that these rays can penetrate glass too, which means you are just as susceptible to photoaging indoors.
UV-B Rays
With a shorter wavelength, UV-B rays cause damage to the surface of your skin and are responsible for sunburns and direct damage to skin cells. While UVB rays don’t penetrate as deeply as UVA rays, they can cause significant immediate damage to the skin's surface, leading to sunburns, inflammation, and a higher risk of skin cancer.
Oxidative Stress
Exposure to both UVA and UVB rays leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggers the formation of free radicals which are unstable molecules, looking for electrons to stabilise. Antioxidants, often found in product labels and nutritious food, neutralize these free radicals and bring things back to normal. However, when free radicals outnumber antioxidants your skin cells get damaged. This phenomenon is called oxidative stress and is a leading cause of photoaging. It can damage your collagen production, elastin production, and skin tone, leaving you with wrinkled, saggy, and pigmented skin.
Signs of Photoaging
Even in your 20s or 30s, you’re not safe from the signs of photoaging. This stands true especially if you spend many hours outdoors, ignore sun protection, or have an already pigmented skin tone. If this sounds like you, look for these few telltale photoaging signs.
- Fine Lines and Wrinkles: Seen around your eyes and on your forehead, these are the first signs of your skin losing elasticity and firmness. If not stopped in time, fine lines turn into deeper wrinkles.
- Hyperpigmentation: UV exposure triggers melanin production in your skin, leading to tanning, sun spots, age spots, and even melasma.
- Uneven Texture: We all want smooth, glass skin. However, photoaging affects the skin’s collagen, leading to rough, uneven, and leathery skin.
- Dryness: Hydration is the pillar of healthy, bouncy skin. However, UV rays damage your skin’s barrier and make it prone to moisture loss, making it dry and scaly.
- Sagging: We often only face saggy skin by our 40s. However, you might begin to notice it sooner because of photoaging. The UV rays deplete collagen and elastin, causing the skin to lose its firmness and elasticity.