Hyperpigmentation - A Complete Guide

Pigmentation refers to the coloring of the skin. Hyperpigmentation describes areas of uneven skin tones caused by excess melanin production (the pigment responsible for your skin's color).
While hyperpigmentation affects people of all skin tones, those with darker skin, such as Indian skin, may be more affected.
The increased melanin production in darker skin tones results in stronger pigmentations that can take longer to fade.
Another common hyperpigmentation cause for Indian skin is sun exposure - which triggers melanin production, making blemishes more common in sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, and hands.

Hyperpigmentation is caused by an increase in melanin, the pigment that gives our skin, hair, and eyes their color.

Several factors can trigger increased melanin production. Familiarising yourself with these factors is the first step towards understanding skin discoloration causes, and how to counteract them.
Here are a few common hyperpigmentation causes and their recommended remedies:

Unprotected sun exposure is the primary hyperpigmentation cause, as sunlight triggers melanin production.
Melanin acts as your skin’s natural sunscreen by protecting you from harmful UV rays.
Hence more melanin is produced every time you step out into extreme sun.

Hormonal influence is another major hyperpigmentation cause, also known as melasma or chloasma.
It is common among women and occurs when oestrogen and progesterone stimulate the overproduction of melanin upon sun exposure.
It can also be a side effect of certain hormone treatments.

As skin ages, the number of melanin-producing cells (melanocytes) decreases, another skin discoloration cause. The remaining cells increase in size and focus their distribution, causing an increase in dark spots in those over 40.

Acne, cuts, and bruises cause skin inflammation, leaving behind pigmented marks and scars.
These often appear on the cheeks and forehead, making hyperpigmentation treatment vital.

Some antibiotics, hormonal treatments, or chemotherapy drugs can lead to hyperpigmentation.
They increase skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, which leads to an increase in melanin production.

Genetics also play a key role. A predisposition to hyperpigmentation can be inherited, making some individuals more susceptible.

Hyperpigmentation often manifests as darkened areas on the skin. These patches can vary in shape, size, and color.
Hyperpigmentation also causes these patches to develop anywhere on the body, in varied sizes.
These primary symptoms usually depend upon what causes hyperpigmentation, bringing us to the several types of hyperpigmentation.

While there are several types of hyperpigmentation, the most common ones are:

Age spots

Also known as sun spots or liver spots, these are caused by sun exposure and usually appear on the face, neck, hands, and arms, mostly in older adults.

Melasma or Chloasma

These are larger patches of hyperpigmentation that appear mainly on the face, but can also appear on the stomach.
This type of hyperpigmentation is common in women with hormonal changes during pregnancy or when taking birth control pills.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

This refers to discoloration after skin injuries or trauma, usually on the neck or face. Common among acne, dermatitis, or eczema sufferers, this type of hyperpigmentation can also result from cosmetic procedures like dermabrasion, laser treatment, and chemical peels.

Freckles

Freckles are small, flat patches of pigment on the skin that are caused by genetics or sun exposure, usually found on lighter skin tones.
Other factors can cause skin patches to become darker, such as scarring and birthmarks, but these aren’t considered types of hyperpigmentation.

There are several approaches you can move with when you wonder how to treat hyperpigmentation. Targeted products, clinical treatments, and home remedies are your big three.

Products

Products for sun damage

Use effective sun protection daily on all exposed skin and reapply regularly. We recommend suncreens like Eucerin Pigment Control Sun Fluid SPF50+ as it is the best sunscreen for pigmentation as it offers ultra-high and long-lasting protection.
In sunny India, try to avoid the sun between 10 am and 4 pm when UV rays are strongest and seek shade whenever possible. Year-round sun protection is crucial for hyperpigmentation treatment.

Products for melasma

While there is no cure for conditions like melasma, a few treatments can help with improving skin appearance.
Incorporate effective skin creams into your routine, such as products from the Eucerin's Pigmentation Products, which can be used as melasma creams.

Products for ageing skin

When you’re dealing with hyperpigmentation caused by age spots, prevention is key. Implement an effective skincare routine for hyperpigmentation early, including cleansing, moisturizing, exfoliating, and sun protection.
Once age spots appear, products like a pigmentation serum can help reduce their appearance with Thiamidol and concentrated Hyaluronic Acid.

Products for acne marks

For acne-prone and oily skin, focus on treating the underlying causes of acne.
The Eucerin DermoPurifyer Triple Effect Serum is the best face serum for oily skin as it effectively reduces hyperpigmentation with sebum-regulating technology and Thiamidol to lighten post-acne marks.
By understanding these causes and implementing the recommended solutions, you can effectively manage and treat hyperpigmentation.

Natural Remedies

While there is no ultimate natural cure for hyperpigmentation, certain lifestyle changes can improve your skin's overall health and promote an even skin tone.

• Staying Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water and using a moisturizer can help soothe skin, prevent dryness, and reduce redness.

• Eating Healthier Foods: A diet rich in citrus fruits, berries, Omega-3-rich fish like tuna and salmon, and green vegetables can help treat hyperpigmentation and repair skin cells. Avoid greasy, spicy foods, and excessive alcohol, as they can worsen pigmentation.

• Exercising Regularly: Regular exercise increases blood flow, nourishing skin cells and removing toxins, which can improve skin tone and help alleviate acne.

Clinical treatments

Laser Therapy

Laser therapy uses light beams of certain wavelengths to break down excess melanin, reducing hyperpigmentation symptoms.
It also increases your skin cell turnover and encourages the growth of new, evenly pigmented skin to combat your skin discoloration causes.

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)

Similar to laser therapy, IPL uses varied wavelengths to reduce collagen production.
When it comes to hyperpigmentation treatment, IPL goes easier on your skin compared to laser and requires more sessions.
Consult a dermatologist to find a treatment that best targets your hyperpigmentation causes.

Chemical Peels

Chemical peels are strong solutions that exfoliate the outer layer of your skin. These completely eradicate hyperpigmented cells and stimulate skin regeneration.
However, they may not suit all skin types and it’s essential to consult dermatologists before deciding the intensity of your peel.

Hyperpigmentation is not a one-time skin concern. These symptoms develop every time your skin is exposed to environmental stressors, hormonal imbalances, or the wrong skincare products. This is why it is best to prevent hyperpigmentation with daily measures.

Skin regimen: Follow a consistent skincare routine with dermatologically tested products to aid skin regeneration and prevent hyperpigmentation.

Sunscreen: Use sunscreen every day, through all seasons. This practice keeps your skin shielded from the harms of UV and hyperpigmentation symptoms.

Protective clothing: Apart from sunscreens, using protective clothing such as scarves and hats is a good way to keep your skin protected from the sun.

When it comes to hyperpigmentation, both patience and protection (from the sun) are key. Combining both, and a healthy lifestyle with effective products for hyperpigmentation treatment and daily sun protection, will help you achieve clearer, smoother, and more even-toned skin.

1. How do I know if I have hyperpigmentation?

   Look for typical hyperpigmentation symptoms such as dark spots, pigmented patches, skin discoloration, and blemishes on your face and body. These are commonly found on shoulders, arms, and other areas that are frequently exposed to the sun. You can also consult a dermatologist to understand what is hyperpigmentation.

2. Is hyperpigmentation bad for skin?

   Apart from skin discoloration caused by hyperpigmentation, the condition presents no other symptoms. However, it is the first indicator of underlying skin concerns such as sun damage or hormonal imbalances. It can also impact your self-esteem, making you conscious of your appearance.

3. Can pigmentation be removed?

   Yes. Several products, home remedies, clinical treatments, and lifestyle changes can act as hyperpigmentation treatments. Face serums with ingredients like Thiamidol are a steady and effective way to deal with and prevent hyperpigmentation.

4. Is skin pigmentation permanent?

   No. Unless you're dealing with birthmarks, genetics, or other skin conditions, hyperpigmentation treatments can be achieved over a period of time. With proper treatments and preventative measures, you can learn how to treat hyperpigmentation and prevent recurrence.

5. How do I clear my hyperpigmentation?

   A consistent skin care regimen is a promising hyperpigmentation treatment. Use dermatologically formulated anti-acne products, face serums, under-eye creams, and powerful sunscreens to achieve blemish-free skin. Ensure a nutritious food intake and an active lifestyle to prevent hyperpigmentation due to hormonal reasons.